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The Banu Qasi, Banu Kasi, Beni Casi ((アラビア語:بنو قسي or بني قسي), meaning "sons" or "heirs of Cassius") or Banu Musa were a Hispano-Roman Muladi dynasty that ruled the upper Ebro valley in the 9th century, before being displaced in the first quarter of the 10th century. ==Dynastic beginnings== The family is said to descend from the Hispano-Roman or Visigothic nobleman named Cassius. According to the 10th century Muwallad historian Ibn al-Qutiyya, Count Cassius converted to Islam in 714 as the ''mawali'' (client) of the Umayyads, shortly after the Umayyad conquest of Hispania.〔Cañada Juste, "Los Banu Qasi", 6; This origin legend, as recounted by Ibn al-Qutiyya, may be a product of the spurious antiquarianism of the latter Umayyad period that satisfied the need for stories which bridged the conquest, rather than reliable genealogy.〕 After his conversion, he is said to have traveled to Damascus to personally swear allegiance to the Umayyad Caliph, Al-Walid I. Under the Banu Qasi, the region of Upper Ebro (modern districts of Logroño and southern Navarre, based in Tudela) formed a semi-autonomous principality. The tiny emirate was faced by enemies in several directions. Although never realized, the threat of Frankish attempts to regain control over the western Pyrenees was a real one. In actuality, even more menacing was the gradual eastwards expansion of the Asturian Kingdom; while in the south lay the Caliphate of Córdoba, ever anxious to impose its authority over the frontier regions. The Banu Qasi were a local Muslim dynasty, and while nominally clients of the emirate, they thrived on regional alliances with the Basque princes of Pamplona and Aragon, as well as Ribagorza to the north,, other muladi dynasties of the Ebro valley (al-Tagr al-A'la), and the Umayyads to the south over the next two centuries. Though Muslim, they frequently intermarried with other regional nobility. Musa ibn Musa and the Pamplona king Íñigo Arista were maternal half-brothers, while Musa also married Arista's daughter, and married a daughter and nieces to other Pyrenean princes. The cultural ambivalence of the Banu Qasi is also demonstrated by their mixed use of names: for example, Arabic (Muhammad, Musa, Abd Allah), Latinate (Auria, Lubb), and Basque (Garsiya). The Umayyads of Córdoba sanctioned the rule of the Banu Qasi and repeatedly granted them autonomy by appointing them as governors, only to replace them as they expressed too much independence, or launch punitive military expeditions into the region. Such acts on the part of the Umayyads demonstrated their failure to ever fully resolve the problem of effective, central control of outlying regions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Banu Qasi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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